Periodic Labour Force Survey- (Article)


                                             INTRODUCTION

The Union Ministry of Statics and Programme Implementation has released Annual Report (2018-2019)and Quarterly Bulletin Ending(June 2019)on Periodic Labour Force Survey. National Statistical Office (NSO) conducted Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) from July 2018-June 2019, and released report on 4th June 2020.The objective is to develop the survey methodology including the sample design for generating monthly/quarterly labour market data, first report of the PLFS was published in June 2019 for the period of 2017-2018 by the NSO & the MOSPI. Since April 2017 NSO conducted PLFS for more data related to availability of labour force. The report covers both rural & urban areas. This is the second report of PLSR.The PLSR report provides various indicators in rural and urban places. Survey conducted many activities in aspect of employment & unemployment with different parameters like age, gender.etc.Survey conducted in the guidance of SLES and NSC.

         SAILENT FEATURES

·         Report is classified into three chapters and four Appendices. First Chapter covers Introduction Part, Second Chapter covers Concepts and definations and third chapter covers summary of findings. Report explains each and every part of survey. The report presented in form of Table and Statements and the figures are in rounded off.

·         The Annual Report of PLFS are generated from the four quarters of the survey period of 2018 to 2019.The report is based upon survey conducted by NSO and covered the whole India Union (except villages in Andaman & Nicobar Islands) .

·         The rotational panel scheme opted and urban areas households visited four times throughout the year. The sample size for first visit during July-2018-June 2019 in both areas were 12,800 numbers from which 12,720 covered at all India level. 

·         The total number spread of this survey was 12.720 whereas 6,983 in rural areas and 5,737 in urban areas which cover nearly lakhs of households and 4.20.757 individuals. In Household there were source of income different 51.7% of rural members are self employed and casual labourers was 25.1%. Regular wage/salary earning was 13.1% according to report.

·         By adopting two approaches of labour market operations which is usual status approach and current weekly status approach in the survey for division of population.

·         The key results of the PLFS Report is classified in different Parts which are

*Household and population

*Labour Force in usual status

 *Workforce (Divided into other five sub-parts

    *Earnings from employment, hours worked and hours available for additional work        (Divided into other three sub-parts)

 *Unemployment rate in usual status

POLICIES REGARDING THAT

·         The Indian Government have come up with many different programme and policies to create and offer more employment opportunities .The recent programme taken by government is:

·         ATMA NIRBHAR BHARAT ABHIYAN (self-reliant India Mission) worth Rupees twenty lakh crores and based upon economy, infrastratucre, system, vibrant demography and demand. And also this policy promotes local products.

·         PRADHAN MANTRI STREET VENDOR’S ATMA NIRBHAR NIDHI (PM SVANidhi) for providing loan to street entrepreneurs. Shopkeepers can grant working capital of Rupees up to ten thousand without collateral (security).

·         Government has given forty thousand crore as an additional fund to MGNREGA.

·         PM-KISAN Scheme, government provided Rs.1.70 lakh crore package to overcome from difficulties occurred during COVID-19.

·         JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA

·         PRADAHAN MANTRI KISAN PENSION YOJANA

·         MEGA PENSION SCHEME

·         MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT 2005,it guarantees to provide job at least hundred person a day

·         NATIONAL CAREER SERVICE SCHEME is an online portal which provides information related to jobs opportunities.

·         NATIONAL RURAL EMPLYMENT PROGRAMME is help in equality so rural people also get equal opportunities across nation.

·         DEEN DAYAL ANTYODAYA YOJANA is help people who are below poverty line, it is implemented by Ministry of Rural development.

·         Various other initiative taken by government to provide more opportunities to unemployed people like some relaxation to Companies Act and reforms in agriculture markets,etc.

·         State government also participated and support economy system of India by offering some schemes like ReStart programme to support (MSME) and Jharkhand launched three employment schemes. 

Critical Analysis

There is some changes in both the PLFS reports in factor of employment and unemployment. The indicators are LFR(Labour Force Participation Rate),WPR(Worker Population Ratio),UR(Unemployment Rate). LFR increased from 36.9%(2017-2018) to 37.5%(2018-2019).WPR increased from 34.7% to 35.3%, UR has decreased from 6.1% to 5.8%. There is a decline number of participation in work and unemployment rate decreases. There is also female participation is more than the last report. But it is important to understand the causes of unemployment as well. Slow economic growth and slow growth of industrialization, illiteracy, lack of education, lack of knowledge, Physical problems, inequivalent, financial crisis, global recession, high interest rate, etc. So these are some causes of unemployment in India. So the plan of PLFS is to understand and to provide a data of employment and unemployment in India. As per the annual report for 2017-18, published in June 2019, the unemployment rate for urban female was the highest in the country while that the rural female is the lowest. The literacy rate among persons of age 7 & above during both the reports of PLFS are in(2018-19) in male 85.0%, in female 70.9% and in (2017-18) in male,83.9, in female 69.6 so there is a growth rate in literacy rate whereas there is a different rate in urban and rural areas of 2018-19 that is in urban it is 82.6% and in rural 65.7% so there is a huge difference between literacy rate among urban and rural females. So according to this the gender discrimination also decreased but still because of lack of education rural female find more difficulties in grabbing opportunities. In view of this report we clearly understand that it is important to reduce the causes of unemployment, government providing many policies but because of over population and lack of knowledge people are getting difficulties for work. Now much more difficulties has to be faced by people as because of COVID-19 the economic rate falls and the employment opportunities will be limited.

CONCLUSION

The Union Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation had constituted PLFS under the chairmanship of Amitabh Kundu.The data was collected by NSSO from July 2018 to June 2019.The Survey was spread over  12720 first stage sampling units(6,983 villages and 5,737 urban blocks)covering 1,01,579 households(55,812 rural areas and 45,767 in urban areas)& enumerating 4,20,757 persons(2,39,817 in rural areas and 1,80,940 in urban areas).According to this report,UR(Unemployed rate) in India was 5.8%.It was 5.6% among males and 3.5 in females in rural areas whereas in 7.1% in males and 9.9 among females of urban areas. When we compare both reports there some changes in second report in respect of labour participation and Unemployed rate. PLFS report is for to get the information about employment and unemployment in quarterly and annually basis.

- Harshika Pareek

JECRC University, Jaipur.


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