COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING – (BLOG)


 

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

One of the fastest growing activity of trans-national criminal organisation is human trafficking

Human trafficking can be understood as trafficking of person which is condemned as a violation of human rights by international conventions. It is associated with the act of recruiting, transporting, harbouring, providing

·         There are more than 4 million victims of sex trafficking.

·         7 out of 10 victims are exploited in Asia and the Pacific region.

·         Victims are arrested for the crime instead of traffickers.

·         Profit are highest per trafficked victim in developed economies.

·         1 in 7 of runways are victims of the child trafficking.

·         76% of total victims are girls and women.

EVOLUTION

The concept of human trafficking has been born out of the concept of slavery which originated back in 3500 BC at the first Civilization

·          In 1400’s European slave trading began in Africa with Portuguese, transporting people from Africa to Portugal.

          • In 1600’s other countries like Spain, North America, Denmark and France connected themselves with the European slave trade. 

• In 1700’s for the first time the word white slavery was legally coined where the human trafficking was for sexual purpose.
• In 1800's Great Britain passed laws stating that Trans-Atlantic slave trade was made illegal and later United States made slave trade a crime which was punishable by death. 
• In 1900’s slavery was bifurcated into two divisions:

a.       women and young girls – for sex work

b.      men and young boys – for forced labour

for which they were provided with little or no pays. Therefore, in 1910, 13 Nations signed international convention for suppression of white slave trade and making it illegal. Further, in 1923, British colonial government in Hong Kong passed a law banning the selling of girls as domestic slaves.

Furthermore, after World War II the league of nation was formed whose goal was to maintain peace and harmony in the world. Plus to focus on the international issues such as human trafficking; thus the idea of white slave traffic was replaced by traffic in women and children so that there could be no discrimination to race and here children of both genders were including without a question.

• In 2000’s the century saw tremendous changes in respect to human trafficking as not only the government of borders and cross borders but various other organisations joined hand in order to protect the victims and provide them with Justice by punishing the accused who destroyed the lives by forcing them in various types of exploitation.


SCOPE

As per a report approximately 4 to 27 million people are trafficked in this existing modern slavery around the globe and 3 out of every 1000 people in the world are victim as perInternational Labour Organisation. Largest number of trafficked victims are from the Asia-Pacific region.

MYTHS: HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS ONLY SEX TRAFFICKING

No, human trafficking is not only for the sex work but there are various purposes for which this vicious circle of trafficking of person is done; some of the major purposes or forms are the following:

·         Forced marriage

·         Child soldiers

·         Forced labour

·         Prostitution

·         Debt bondage

LAWS

Internationally:

·         UN Convention - United Nations Convention on Transnational Organised Crime (UNCTOC) who mainly works for prevention, suppression and punishment of trafficking in persons.

·         SAARC Convention - regional task force are constituted for implementation of this convention.

·         Bilateral Mechanism - task force deals with the cross-border trafficking and issues related to the same.

Nationally:

·         Constitution of India - prohibits trafficking of human being under article 23 clause 1.

·         The Immortal Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 ‐ specially for commercial sexual exploitation.

·         Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 ‐ section 370 and section 370 A of Indian penal code, 1860 provides comprehensive measures to counter human trafficking including child trafficking which concerns to any type of exploitation.

·         Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 ‐ scope of this Act is limited to protection of children from sexual abuse and exploitation.

·         • Other important legislations are the following:

a.       Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006

b.      Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976

c.       Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986

d.      Transplantation of Human

[i] Louise Shelly (2010). Human Trafficking: a global perspective

[ii] International Labour Organisation

[iii] Sumer in Mesopotamia

[iv] US State Department

- Yash Sinha
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.

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